Scarborough Issues

Scarborough issues Both the Philippines and China continue to assert sovereignty over the same area in the South China Sea. We therefore have an â€Å"international dispute,† an element necessary before one can go to an international court. We want to settle the dispute through the judicial resolution provision in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Unclos); but China does not. That is the bind we are in. Suppose, however, that China eventually agrees to go to court. Can the Unclos be the source of resolution?If we appeal to the convention, will we be contradicting ourselves, as some claim, by laying claim to an area which is outside the geographical limits of Philippine territory as delineated in the Treaty of Paris? Indeed, the Treaty of Paris is a good starting point. But the treaty is an 1890 document drafted and entered into on the basis of the understanding of what maritime laws were at that time and their limitations. At that time the division of the la w of waters was only between the territorial sea and the high seas. It said nothing beyond territorial waters.However, more jurisdictional divisions beyond territorial waters have developed since 1890. The territorial sea, as originally conceived, was the body of water which a coastal state could defend with the current range of cannons, a rather short distance. This was later expanded to the present 12 nautical miles. Within the territorial sea a coastal state could exercise certain restricted rights. Beyond the territorial sea were the high seas which were open to use and exploration by all. Things have changed radically since the early development of international law. The division into territorial sea and high seas is still there.But there have now come to be recognized certain zones of jurisdiction beyond the territorial waters. These developments are functional and resource-oriented and have come to threaten those who rely on traditional maritime rules. Thus, when you read of 22 Chinese vessels preventing Filipino vessels from entering the area around Scarborough Shoal, this is the problem we want the Unclos to resolve. The Unclos is not just a codification of customary international law but also goes beyond traditionally accepted rules. What are the new developments? First of all, we have to think of baselines.The Unclos allows states to draw baselines along the low water mark surrounding a coastal state. The baselines can either follow the indentations of the coast or they can be straight lines drawn from point to point. Straight baselines are allowed in archipelagos like the Philippines. Following the Unclos, we drew our baselines through the adoption of Republic Act 9522 modifying an earlier law. The baselines are important because the various zonal jurisdictions begin from there. Inward from the baselines are the internal waters over which a state exercises the same kind of jurisdiction it has over land.Outward from the baselines are 12 nautical mil es of territorial sea. This is still traditional international law. But recently there have been recognized, beyond the territorial sea and within the high seas, new zones of limited jurisdiction. These new zones of limited jurisdiction are the contiguous zone (24 nautical miles), exclusive economic zone (200 nautical miles), and the continental shelf. These are covered by complicated rules that are under the Unclos. In some areas there has also been recognized an exclusive fish zone (200 nautical miles). The new zones, especially the exclusive economic zones of neighboring states, can overlap.The rules for resolving overlapping jurisdictions are also found in the Unclos. The Philippines has been asking China to go to court to resolve issues that have arisen in the Scarborough area. We also have issues with other neighboring states. These too will eventually have to be resolved through the Unclos. The problem we have with China is not just about waters but also about land area. A st ate’s claim to any portion of the sea begins from its terrestrial jurisdiction. We have conflicting terrestrial jurisdiction with China. We are claiming land areas that are outside the lines drawn by the Treaty of Paris.The challenge for us is to be able to justify our claims under the present state of international law. Merely citing the shape or date of old maps will not settle the issues. The Philippines will not abandon its claim simply on the basis of the lines of the 1890 Treaty of Paris. We should not surrender our claims simply on the basis of old maps. There is new international law jurisprudence on conflicting land claims which have to be studied to see how applicable it is to the current conflicting claims. This is a challenge to the Philippine government. Is solidifying our claim to terrestrial area essential to winning our maritime claims?Under RA 9522 we reasserted our claim to a â€Å"regime of islands† outside the Philippine archipelago. Islands, accord ing to the Unclos, also have their maritime jurisdiction. (I am not sure if Scarborough Shoal qualifies as an island under Unclos. ) But the waters there are 120 nautical miles off the Zambales mainland, or within our exclusive economic zone. That is one basis of our claim, a good point to start from. P. S. Incidentally, Dr. Benito Legarda Jr. corrected me when I said in a previous column that Bajo de Masinloc means Below Masinloc. He is right. I have found since then that â€Å"Bajo† is the old form of â€Å"bajio† which means shoal.

Reflection on the Character of Luke Skywalker Essay

Luke Skywalker’s character is a classic example of man’s constant battle of good and evil—not to be simply put as the battle of the good versus the evil—but the choice to be good or evil. He outwardly struggles to find his place and role in the society even as he struggles inwardly to understand his own nature. As Yoda and Obi-Wan explained to him, Luke must confront and go beyond the dark side to be a Jedi. He is confronted with facing Darth Vader, who he has just learned to be Anakin Skywalker—his father, and in whom Luke believes still has good in him and who he says he could not kill. He was also confronted with troubles that has shaped him into the peson he chose to be. Vader has been a Jedi once, turned to the dark side of the Force because he could not accept the death of his loved ones—first of his mother, then of his intuition that had foretold the death of his wife, Amidala. During their fight, he tried to convince his son that turning to the dark side was the only way Luke could save his friends. Luke was like his father, reckless in his actions and impatient in his youth. But as he matured, he learned the true path of the Force, with the guidance of Yoda and Obi-Wan. Like his father before him, he, too, was troubled with death and suffering. Yoda, sensing death coming to him, explains to Luke: â€Å"Strong am I with the Force, but not that strong. Twilight is upon me and soon night must fall. That is the way of things, the way of the Force.† Inevitably at Endor, Luke has come to confront his father, not with the intention of fighting him as before, but to convince him to turn back to the good side. His attempts turns out to be futile. He further exhibits his maturity from being reckless and impatient by restraining himself when given the chance to strike at the Emperor. However, the Emperor seduces Luke’s hatred and anger to attack him. Luke is tormented but still restrains himself until finally his rage erupted and attacked the Emperor. Darth Vader responded in defense of his master and Luke ends up fighting with his father. Luke realized that the Emperor was using his rage to turn him to the dark side of the Force. He has defeated Vader, not out of some personal, revenge-driven desire, but in order to protect someone he loves—Vader has treathened Luke’s newly found twin sister Leia. As he looked down on his father with pity and understanding, he realized that he, too, has the potential to turn to the dark side. He threw away his lightsaber in his firm belief that he could still save his father’s soul and save himself from the path of the dark side by not killing Vader. By doing so, he has rejected evil in himself and submits himself to the will of the Force. As Yoda explained to him: â€Å"A jedi’s strenght flows from the Force. But beware. Anger, fear, agression, the dark side are they. Once you start down the dark path forever will it dominate your destiny.† He has faced his own fears and defeated them, evidenced by his reply to the Emperor’s offer to take his father’s place at his side: â€Å"Never. I’ll never turn to the dark side†¦ I am a Jedi, like my father before me.† He has set an example that evil does not come naturally from the troubles that we are faced with, and that being good or evil is a matter of choice.

Comparison of Ingre's 'Grande Odalisque' and Titan's 'Venus of Urbino' Essay

Comparison of Ingre's 'Grande Odalisque' and Titan's 'Venus of Urbino' - Essay Example The depiction of the female nudity in history of art exists in plenty; as does the archetype from which these nudes got styled. Titian and Ingres were deliberated as some of the most significant artists of their time; accredited with being broad - minded and conservative (Gardner 290). Noting the painters and paintings, they stand as genius on their own considering their individual contributions which are monumental to the corresponding movements. Through identifying these works through their separate form content and context, the two works will be compared and contrasted. It remains easy to describe Ingres as a consistent supporter of the Neo - Classical stylishness from his period in David's studio to the mid19th century. Ingres returned to Neo - Classics after having overruled the lessons of David, his teacher, and after having set the foundation for the emotional Romanticism expressiveness, the new style of young Delacroix and Gericault that Ingres would ultimately defend. Ingres' early Romantic penchants can be seen most legendarily in his work â€Å"La Grande Odalisque† painted in 1814. On Ingres’, Grande Odalisque, a languid nude is outlaid in a sumptuous interior. On its first glance this nude appears to follow in the convention of the Venetian masters, for instance, Venus of Urbino (1538) by Titian. However, upon closer scrutiny, it seems that this is not a classical setting. Instead, Ingres has generated a distant eroticism emphasized by its exotic context. This work is full of sensuality, idealization and mystery. The background seems quite undefined with a purported black portion that makes it more attractive. The different shades of bluish clothing and decorations make the picture more striking to the viewer. The woman’s gaze, like Titan’s Venus, is directed straight towards the spectator and the fan made of peacock feathers in her hand looks as if it has just been used. Odalisque position and size gives a deeper meaning although, it is much more than a naked lady staring at the viewer. She reflects her life as a concubine, on her duties . She is believed to have been part of the sultan’s harem, she was there to satiate the lascivious pleasures of the sultan, despite what she may want or feel. She reflects a woman with deep thoughts, complex feelings and emotions (Lewis 328). In the cognizance of a 19th century French male observer, the sort of individual for whom this picture was made from, the odalisque would have made up not only a harem slave, being itself a fallacy, but a set of desires and fears connected to the long aggression history between Islamic Asia and Christian Europe. Certainly, Ingres' porcelain sexuality is acceptable even to a progressively prudish French culture due to its subject's distance. While the Renaissance painter Titan veiled his eroticism in myths, Ingres covered his piece of desire in a murky exoticism. Some art historians suggest that colonial politics played a role too on the work. France was expanding its African and Eastern possessions, often brutally at this time (Gardner 4 41). The myth of the barbarian served the French who would then claim a moral authoritative. Incidentally, on clear look, anyone can notice something "wrong" with the figure's anatomy. Titian is deliberated to have been an outstanding Venetian painter of the 16th - century, and the former of the Venetian colorist and painterly tradition. He remains one of the significant figures in the Western art history. Tiziano Vercelli got born in the northern Venice, in 1477. He got trained by both Giorgione and Bellini, and after

General Characteristics of the Public Housing in the U.S. Market Term Paper

General Characteristics of the Public Housing in the U.S. Market - Term Paper Example In the United States and Canada [9], public housing is usually a ‘block of purpose-built housing operated by a government agency, often simply referred to as "projects"’ The history of the specific sector is formulated under the influence of a series of events and governmental decisions that seek to intervene in the private initiatives regarding the formulation and the operation of housing associations designed especially for the needs of the public. In this context [9] ‘in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, government involvement in housing for the poor was chiefly in the area of requiring new buildings to meet certain standards - like having airshafts - for decent livability; most housing communities were developed from the 1930s onward and initial public housing was largely slum regeneration, with no nationwide expansion of public housing; public housing was only built with the blessing of the local government, and projects were almost never built on suburban greenfields, but through regeneration of older neighborhoods; the destruction of tenements and eviction of their low-income residents consistently created problems in nearby neighborhoods with "soft" real estate markets’. As for the modern era [9], many of the above-described projects have been ‘torn down, renovated or replaced after criticism that the concentration of poverty in economically depressed areas, inadequate management of the buildings, and government indifference have contributed to the increased crime. U.S. public housing continues to have a reputation for violence, drug use, and prostitution, leading to the passage, in 1996, of a federal "one strike you're out" law, calling for the eviction of tenants convicted of crimes, especially drug-related; in reaction to the problems surrounding public housing, the US Congress passed legislation enacting the Section 8 Housing Program in 1974, which Richard Nixon signed into law, to encourage the private sector to construct affordable homes; this kind of housing assistance assists poor tenants by giving a monthly subsidy to their landlords’.

Engaging First-Year Writers through Visual Media Research Paper

Engaging First-Year Writers through Visual Media - Research Paper Example Film can be utilized in class as an alternative source for delivering course material. Goldfarb notes that Since 1980’s films have been considered and favored as teaching methods for Open universities and distant learning a. Also the wealth of situations, voices, accents, themes and presentation techniques of a film cannot be portrayed by any teacher, as mentioned by Hill. More specifically with regard to perpetuate connection of films and academic writing, research carried by Kasper illustrates how screening can accentuate the writing skills. During her study she made students visualize the course material from 3 different courses- Linguistic, environmental science and anthropology. Students were subjected to Secret of the wild Child (a documentary based on child deprived of linguistic exposure); Savage Earth: The Restless Planet (Documentary about Earthquakes) and inherit the wind (Film about the scopes of Monkey Trial). By watching films, students are facilitated in learnin g graphical illustration of relevant material.

Operation Fine Girl Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Operation Fine Girl - Essay Example lt my stomach turn, I wanted to throw up as I sat listening to the accounts of how parents were killed or made to watch as their daughters were raped. As the video stated, Sierra Leone is classified as the poorest country in the world and it shows in the way that they treat their women and the way that a majority of the country obviously lives in abject poverty. I feel that the United Nations Human Rights Commission should step into this situation and put an end to the atrocities and sexual abuse against women. The women of Sierra Leone need to be saved and shown that they actually have a future even though they are rape victims. They need to be taught that the rape was not the end of they are. Rather, it is only the beginning of their lives. They are not the enemy of their country but its backbone. They are not sex slaves, but women who deserve all the respect that should be accorded to them as the givers of life. They do not deserve to be raped, held hostage for years on end, and then discarded like a piece of

Crohn's Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crohn's Disease - Research Paper Example Conversely, Crohn's disease may appear at any part of the digestive tract—from the mouth down to the anus, but most commonly at the lower part of the small intestine (ileum), involving perhaps all layers of the intestine, with normal healthy bowel between sections of diseased bowel. (National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse 1) Although the exact root of Crohn's disease is still a mystery, the condition is associated with a problem in the reaction of the body's immune system called an autoimmune disorder, where the immune system is unable to distinguish between normal and foreign bodies. (Longstreth) According to Dr. Schoenfeld and Dr. Wu, the cells and proteins composing the immune system, normally defend the body against foreign invaders, such as harmful bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc. by being launched, causing inflammation—an important defense mechanism of the system, within the tissues where activation occurs, and triggered only in the presence of harmfu l invaders; furthermore, continued and abnormal activation of the immune system in the absence of the said foreign bodies results to chronic inflammation and ulceration. Whether this abnormality in the immune system response is a cause or a consequence of Crohn's disease is yet to be determined by scientists, but research shows that a number of factors—genetic inheritance, the immune system itself, and the environment, have to with the aforementioned inflammation in the digestive tract. (NDDIC 2) NDDIC (2) has affirmed that it was found out that people with Crohn's disease have high levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a protein produced by the immune system. Additionally, a gene called NOD2 has been recently identified as an important determining factor of the body’s response to some bacteria, and mutations of which increases a person’s susceptibility to the disease; other genes essential in the understanding of the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease—such as autophagy related 16-like 1 gene (ATG 16L1) and IRGM, both having a role to play in macrophage defects, are continually being studied. (Schoenfeld & Wu) Incidentally, there have been studies showing higher levels of E. coli bacteria in the intestines of those suffering from Crohn’s disease—probably resulting from a genetically determined defect with intestinal mucosal macrophages in eliminating E. coli, as well as speculations that infection by certain bacteria—such as strains of mycobacterium, causes the disease, but still no substantial evidence supporting it, added Dr. Schoenfeld and Dr. Wu. Crohn’s disease may occur at any age, but more often at ages between 15 and 35; other risk factors include: (1) family history of the disease, (2) Jewish ancestry, and (3) smoking. (Longstreth) Nevertheless, the exact relationship between the factors, possible causes and the disease, have not been proven and remains unknown, to date. According to Dr. Paul Klene rman, the symptoms of Crohn’s disease vary depending on its severity and location—many only have mild symptoms like periods of mild fever, at times, accompanied with blood in the stool and abdominal pain; loss of appetite, unintentional weight loss, general malaise, and boils, may also appear.

Trend and Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Trend and Data Analysis - Essay Example For understanding of any event or data, trends play an important and in this assignment we try to focus our attention of understanding and comprehending the information provided by the tables, facts and figures which are spread over long period of time. In the following situation we take a set of data that can be viewed over a period of time like ten years. Being a Language Arts teacher the set of data which is of particular interest is any set of data or information regarding discipline or other variants of discipline. Discipline happens to be an important aspect in judging any person and this aspect becomes of paramount importance when the scenario of schools is being looked into. If we look at data presented to us by National Center of Education Statistics we can gather some important information which can help us analyze this important aspect of public schools in United States. To understand the trends in more detailed manner we have to look the set of information in three different phases. The phases deal around the period of 1996-97, 2000 and 2003-2005. Thus such a long period of data sets could give us in-depth view of the whole situation of discipline in schools of United States. If we look at the scenario of public schools in 1996-1997 we can see that almost half of the public schools present in the country reported a minimum of one crime incident taking place in school premises. Another thing is that the trend of student absenteeism and physical conflicts among students continued to grow in upward trend if we compare the years of 1991 and 1996 signifying the fact that student indiscipline was growing among public school communities of the country. This can be bolstered by the fact that nearly sixty percent of the public schools which include both elementary and secondary schools reported the incidents of crime, violence and indiscipline. One trend we can notice by looking at the facts of levels of indiscipline and violence in these schools is that escalation pattern of the discipline problems to higher levels leading to situations like violence. It can be attributed by the fact that schools which actually reported discipline problems were facing a likelihood of experiencing quite a lot of incidents of violence and thus were more likely to have experienced incidents of crime when compared to those schools with less serious discipline problems. Another trend to be considered in the area of discipline is to view the argument from the public high schools and public elementary school's perspective (DeVoe, 2005). In this case the trends from the past decade has shown that the heads of the school regard at least one of the many discipline issues as serious in their schools so as to make sure that proper suitable action need to be taken place. This can attributed by the fact that almost forty percent of the high school principals repor ted a minimum of one serious discipline problem in their schools when compared to middle and elementary schools which reported around eighteen and eight percent respectively. Another trend which made impact in the public schools is increase of student bullying. As per the data of indicator of school crime, safety and discipline statistics, nearly thirty percent of the public schools reported weekly student bullying (Kauffman, 2002). Interesting analysis which crops up after

American History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

American History - Assignment Example In fact, tribes such as Shoshones and Nez Perces had agreed to the pact and as a reward, they would receive guns and supplies for it. For Blackfeet Indians, giving guns to their enemies is a direct threat to their might. Soon enough, the discussion soon turned into a blooding fight with 2 Blackfeet warriors killed in the encounter. Since then, Western Indians became hostile towards representatives of the American government. The diary presents the richness and abundance of South Dakota when it comes to natural environment and animal life. In the diary, the Corps of Discovery members informed how they hunt animals such as elk, buffalo, deer, fox, birds, antelope and many more. The group also documented how they were able to encounter places and hills where Indians lived. Clark specifically pointed out that the reason why Indians believe that spirits dwell on the place was because various birds assemble on top of the hill. In the site, it was interesting to learn about Nez Perce Indians who were excellent horsemen. Like their Shoshone neighbors, the Nez Perce were without guns or ammunition. Clark and his troupes described them as â€Å"cheerful and sincere†. Another tribe which caught my interest is the Wala Wala in Washington whose chief welcomed the tribe warmly. Chief Yelleppit enjoyed the prestige of hosting his foreign visitors and sought to trade with them. Before their departure, the chief gave the troupe horses, food, and canoes. There were also celebration and dances before they left the

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 68

History - Essay Example Discovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus also made people question existing view of geography by Ptolemy (the world is flat). These discoveries spawned a scientific revolution as it spurred new questions to be asked. There was much resistance to new discoveries because the people were skeptical of these discoveries and would rather stick with their old beliefs. But perhaps more importantly, resistance came from the Catholic Church because ideas from the scientific revolution challenged their hold on the masses by using faith and superstition. In other words, scientific discoveries threatened the social, economic, and political order based on religion, as Christianity was often the central coherent ideology in many European societies. The people would naturally tend to question the authority of the Church because there were now being offered scientific explanations based on reason and logic for many natural phenomena like lightning (just a form of electricity) and not an act of God. The scientific studies by Copernicus in 1543 theorized the Sun to be the center of the solar system and not the Earth as had previously been taught. This striking departure from past beliefs made people realize not to accept dogma as truth anymore; science started to challenge the many ideas of religion. The Enlightenment is also called as the Age of Reason and it was influenced by the Scientific Revolution in the sense every observable natural phenomena has to have an underlying scientific, logical explanation for it. The Industrial Revolution was similar to the Scientific Revolution because it altered the way people think and perceive the natural world. In other words, it was a big paradigm shift for them and society in general. In particular, capitalism destroyed the old feudal order in which the wealth of a person was derived from ownership of vast tracts of land with many people or serfs serving in bondage as peons. The old pattern or business model (paradigm) of

The Boston Photographs Essay Example for Free

The Boston Photographs Essay The Boston Photographs Stanley Foreman, a journalist for the Boston Herald American, captured three famous photographs of a fire rescue case which reminded me of my grandmothers tragedy, displayed the themes of tragedy and anger, parallels to the movie World Trade Center, and aligns with my opinion that Foreman published the photographs rightfully. Foreman snapped the camera thinking to take heroic shots of a brave fireman successfully rescuing a woman and a child. Little did he know, he would capture the collapse of final hope as a woman fell into the gateway to death. A fire immersed a Boston building in the 1930s. A fireman desperately attempted to save a woman and a child from the inferno, and almost came to success. However, the fire escape the three stood upon crumbled from the arm of the building just before the fireman could hoist them onto the ladder of the firetruck. The fireman managed to jump to safety onto the ladder as the ledge broke. Unfortunately, the woman could not cling tightly enough to the fireman, therefore, her and the child dropped stories high onto the solid ground. The woman died immediately from impact, but the child fell onto the cushion of her corpse and managed to survive. The treacherous scene showed on three photographs and became published in over four hundred newspapers across America. Understandably, this raised controversy as the public fired back with complaints of the gory pictures. Some argued that it contributed in, â€Å"Invading the privacy of death,† while others said it took responsibility in â€Å"Assigning the agony of a human being in terror of imminent death to the status of a side-show act† (Ephron, 658). Ephron states her opinion in this essay saying, â€Å"Death happens to be one of lifes main events. And it is irresponsible—and more than that, inaccurate—for newspapers to fail to show it † (Ephron, 662). This essay brought me back to my youth with replaying images of what I imagined the scene of my grandmothers death to look like. Honestly, it fell nothing short of a horror story, especially through the eyes of a muddled, vernal nine year old. I will not go in detail regarding the exact scene, for I find it inappropriately morbid, but I feel willingly to introduce a small, surfaced outline. A fire swallowed her house, eating from the core and dispersing to the edges like a rotting apple. She lay in mid afternoon nap when awakened from the smoky air, but the fire had managed to block almost every exit. She made her way to the only door not already inflamed, but it she could not get it open. The story does not end here, but this sums up all I feel the need to tell. The casket remained closed at the funeral, so I never saw her body again. She rested at age fifty-seven, too young to leave, and too beautiful to have her body disintegrated into ashes. Why did it have to happen like that? Nine years old and having to trust in God for strength proves a hard and strange thing to do, but a life lesson some never learn, and one I would need for the journey on. Ephron wrote this essay to bring forth the readers inner emotions as well as to show the emotion felt by the characters in the story. The themes of tragedy and anger serve as two of the major themes of the essay. The bravery and hope shown to us at the beginning of the story help accent these themes. The author gives us these points to push a sense of reality into the readers, and to present a real event as well as its repercussions. Bravery showed from the fireman who risked his live to save these people. Hope came from the woman and child trapped inside fighting with optimistic longing to make it through. Tragedy and devastation overcame as the story twisted from what looked a promising victory to a deadly reality. The pictures then became published and taken offensively by readers bringing on a strong feeling of anger. The subject of reality also carries through in this essay. It pictures as quite melancholy, and therefore brings its readers to awareness of a true story with thoughts and opinions of witnesses of the scene and readers of the numerous articles of the event. This event has parallels to the events of September 11, 2001, which has been demonstrated to us through the movie World Trade Center. The movie begins by showing the attacks of the buildings and the violence it brought to those inside. It focuses in on the firemen risking their lives to save the victims, however, as the second building crashes upon them, they become  victims themselves. The firemen demonstrate the similarities of bravery and hope to make it out of the fallen building alive, and the movie as a whole brings its viewers to the tragic reality, just as The Boston Photographs does. Personally, I felt moved by the twisted feelings and solid impact of the essay. It made me have to stop to process my thoughts, because I could not believe what I read. It hit me hard with horror and disbelief. I like essays like this that bring us to a since of reality, for I feel as if they are hardly told. Most stories today become glamorized by positive attributes as dark grueling details are masked away leaving us with what our minds desire to believe instead of the harsh truth. Joy and promise turn to need and tribulation instantaneously in reality, which this essay highlights. The catastrophic story of the photographs taken of the sudden death of a woman hit me hard with a flashback of my grandmothers death and also showed the predicament of the firefighters in World Trade Center, as both of these brought the themes of tragedy and anger to the story and farther pushed my opinion that the pictures became rightly publicized. The essay exhibits sensibility and brings the readers to actuality, therefore, I feel it may stand out to readers over other essays. Real stories like this have the ability to teach us something valuable and hit our life experiences bringing a strong impact of emotion to our thoughts, which is why I feel the pictures should have been publicized. Although it displayed a horrific accident, the scene rightfully deserved telling.

Agile methodology

Agile methodology Agile methodology is an approach to project management, typically used in software development. It refers to a group of software development methodologies based on iterative development. Requirements and solutions evolve through cooperation between self-organizing cross-functional teams, without concern for any hierarchy or team member roles. It promotes teamwork, collaboration, and process adaptability throughout the project life-cycle with increased face-to-face communication and reduced amount of written documentation. Agile methods break tasks into small increments with no direct long term planning. Every aspect of development is continually revisited throughout the lifecycle of project by way of iterations (also called sprints). Iterations are short time frames (timeboxes) that normally last 1-4 weeks. This inspect-and-adapt approach significantly reduces both development costs and time to market. Each iteration involves working through a complete software development cycle characterized by planning, requirements analysis, design, coding, unit testing, and acceptance testing. This helps minimize overall risk, and quicker project adaptability. While iteration may not have enough functionality necessary for a market release, aim is to be ready with a release (with minimal bugs) at the end of each iteration. Typically, the team size is small (5-9 people) to enable easier communication and collaboration. Multiple teams may be required for larger developmental efforts which may also require a coordination of priorities across teams. Agile methods emphasize more face-to-face communication than written documents when the team is in the same location. However, when a team works at different locations, daily contact is maintained through videoconferencing, e-mail, etc. The progress made in terms of the work done today, work scheduled for tomorrow and the possible roadblocks are discussed among the team members in brief sessions at the end of the each working day. Besides, agile developmental efforts are supervised by a customer representative to ensure alignment between customer needs and company goals. Software Development was initially based on coding and fixing. That worked well for smaller software, but as the size and complexities of software grew a need for a proper process was felt because the debugging and testing of such software became extremely difficult. This gave birth to the Engineering Methodologies. The methodologies became highly successful since it structured the software development process. One of the most popular models that emerged was the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) that developed information systems in a very methodical manner. Waterfall method is one of the most popular examples of Engineering or the SDLC methodology. A paper published by Winston Royce in 1970 introduced it as an idea. It was derived from the hardware manufacture and construction strategies that were in practice during the 1970s. The relationship of each stage to the others can be roughly described as a waterfall, where the outputs from a specific stage serve as the initial inputs for the following stage. During each stage, additional information is gathered or developed, combined with the inputs, and used to produce the stage deliverables. It is important to note that the additional information is restricted in scope; new ideas that would take the project in directions not anticipated by the initial set of high-level requirements are not incorporated into the project. Rather, ideas for new capabilities or features that are out-of-scope are preserved for later consideration. Agile Methodology: Engineering methodologies required a lot of documentation thereby causing the pace of development to slow down considerably. Agile Methodologies evolved in the 1990s to significantly eliminate this bureaucratic nature of engineering methodology. It was part of developers reaction against heavyweight methods, who desired to drift away from traditional structured, bureaucratic approaches to software development and move towards more flexible development styles. They were called the Agile or Light Weight methods and were defined in 1974 by Edmonds in a research paper. Some of the most popular agile methods that subsequently evolved were Scrum in 1995, Extreme Programming in 1996, Adaptive Software Development, Dynamic Systems Development Method and Feature Driven Development. In 2001, a team of 17 pioneers in agile software development coined the terms Agile Software development and agile methods. An Agile Manifesto was declared that was regarded as a set of canonical rules for agile software development methods and accompanying principles. Similarly, some of these people formed The Agile Alliance, a non-profit organization that promotes agile development. Extreme Programming: One of the several popular agile processes which stresses on customer satisfaction is Extreme programming. It improves a software project by focusing on communication, feedback, simplicity, courage and respect. Empowerment of the developers ensures speedier responses to changing customer requirements. Teamwork and collaboration is an integral part of extreme programming that improves the productivity and efficiency of the problem solving approach. Comparing Agile With Waterfall Model; Agile methodology can be compared and contrasted with traditional Waterfall model under the following heads. Conceptual Difference: Sequential Vs Iterative: Waterfall method is a sequential process of software development. Similar to a waterfall, the development team in such a model proceeds to the next stage of development once the first step is entirely accomplished. The waterfall model phases of software development are: requirement specification, conception, analysis, design, coding, testing debugging, installation and finally maintenance. A good amount of time is spent in each stage of development, till all requirements are met. Compared to this set-in-stone approach of waterfall models, the agile models focus on adaptability and agility during development. As an alternative to one rigid development schedule, agile models involve multiple iterative development schedules. Each iteration goes through the entire steps of design, coding and testing. A closely-knit, cross functional and self-organizing team structure exists. Documentation: Substantial Vs Minimal: While emphasis is placed on documentation at every stage of software development in a waterfall model, agile methodology emphasizes increased face-to-face communication and reduced documentation. Suitability: Predictive Vs Adaptive: While waterfall model is suitable for development of stable programs, agile methodology is best suited for web based applications because of its iterative nature that helps in incorporating correcting the different bugs that arise over time. Nature: Process oriented Vs People oriented: Waterfall Methodology is Process-oriented as it focuses on pre-planning of processes in great detail and subsequently coming up with a defined overall process to be used by whosoever uses it. Agile Methodologies on the other hand are People-oriented as they believe process definition is not an independent thing and the development of software relies heavily on the skills of the development team rather than on defined processes. Agile Methodologies use processes only to support the development team in doing their work more effectively and efficiently. Process never takes a lead in agile methodologies. Efficiency: Low Vs High: Efficiency is determined by the quality of software product, the lead development time and the number of bugs. Due to the adaptability of agile methods and the rigid development cycle of waterfall model, agile methods can incorporate changes and release products in lesser time. http://www.extremeprogramming.org/. http://www.buzzle.com/articles/waterfall-model-vs-agile.html.

Pursuing A Career In Teaching Education Essay

Pursuing A Career In Teaching Education Essay Mark Twain once said work and play are words used to describe the same thing under different circumstances (n.d.). When choosing a career, it is important that it does not feel like work all the time. Becoming a teacher requires preparation such as education, summer jobs, skills and having references available for later use. The work a teacher deals with can be physically and emotionally stressful, differ in salary and working conditions and also with the type of people they work with. The potential of a teacher depends on the career path they choose, and the amount of training and schooling they are willing to obtain to go further into their career. There may be disadvantages to being a teacher, but at the same time there are many advantages. Pursuing a career in teaching will be challenging yet rewarding. Teachers have been around since the dawn of time and have always had the same purpose, to educate. A teacher is defined by Merriam-Websters Dictionary as one that teaches; especially one whose occupation is to teach (2004, p. 1016). Teaching is defined as to cause to know or understand; to assist in learning how to do something; show how (Merriam-Webster, 2004, p. 1016). The evolution of teachers started way back in the beginning of time. Teachers started to come about when language was invented through apprenticeship, imitation, and ritual. Teachers became more prominent when the invention of writing came about, because they did not have to teach orally anymore and started to teach children how to read (The World Book Encyclopedia, 2010, p. 97). There has always been someone who has influenced teaching in one way or another. In Ancient Greece, three famous teachers were Plato, Aristotle, and Socrates. Their teaching methods had the biggest impact on Western education (The World Book Encyclopedia, 2010, p. 98). Still today there are people who influence teaching and different methods of teaching. The profession of teaching in constantly evolving with incorporation of the advanced technology. Computers have become a large part of classroom studies and teachers find themselves having to incorporate them into their lessons. Smartboards have also risen into a top teaching tool for teachers. To be able to use these SmartBoards, teachers must participate in certification classes. As a teacher, the main purpose of their job is to be able to guide a student towards a successful future. Teachers have to be capable of working with students and trying to get them to understand new information with becoming frustrated. They have to be responsible and excellent role models. I chose teaching as my possible career path because I believe I possess these necessary qualifications in order to become a successful teacher. There are skills and education required to become a teacher, along with summer jobs and references that can be helpful. The education required for a teacher can take at least eight years to achieve. First they must obtain an undergraduate degree and then continue to obtain a bachelors degree. Some teachers choose to go further into their education and receive a masters or doctoral degree. Pursuing the higher degrees requires more schooling while also maintaining a job as a teacher. Masters and doctoral degrees are not necessary to become public school teachers. Traditionally to become a public school teacher, a complete bachelors degree from a teacher education program and license are required. Depending on the grade you want to teach, certain courses are required to take in college. If becoming a high school teacher, usually major in their field of study. (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11) If a person wants to pursue a career in teaching they must attain a teaching license. To attain a teaching license there are requirements. To obtain a license, you need a bachelors degree, a completed approved teacher training program, a certain number of subject and education credits, and supervised practice teaching (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). A person must also possess certain skills to even consider becoming a teacher. These skills help to develop the type of teacher they are going to be, whether they are communicative or authoritative. Teachers must have the ability to communicate, inspire trust and confidence, and motivate students, as well as understand the students education and emotional needs à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ recognize and respond to individual and cultural differences in students and employ different teaching methods à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ should be organized, dependable, patient and creative à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ also must be able to work cooperatively and communicate effectively with other teachers, support staff, parents and members of the community. (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010- 11) When a person is a teacher, they need to be able to communicate with their students in a way that they can understand, they also need to be able to be someone that a student can trust and depend on. If a teacher is disorganized, their classes will also become disorganized and no learning will take place effectively. A teacher must also be able to change their lesson plans depending on the type of children they are teaching because not every student is the same. Some students may be willing to learn, while others may find it difficult to concentrate on anything going on. There are summer jobs that can help in the field of teaching. A camp counselor is one summer job that can be helping if wanting to pursue a career in teaching. Camp counselors constantly deal with all different types of children and can definitely help in learning how to be patient with students and children. Working as a summer camp counselor also puts oneself in a position where there are counselors working together , which teachers also do. Other summer jobs that may be helpful in a teaching career are babysitters, coaches, and umpires (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). Each of these jobs requires working with children persistently, and learning to communicate with them in a creative way. References help to secure a job position at a school, good references may make the difference between deciding between two candidates. Good references could be former employers, coworkers, or teachers or anyone else who can describe your abilities and job-related traits (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). References, skills, summer jobs, and education are all necessary to prepare for a career in teaching. A career as a teacher ranges in salary, hours worked, the people you work with, and working conditions, but always has the same amount of vacation time, even though it may be broken down differently. A teacher has to deal with working conditions wherever they teach. The conditions may be satisfactory, or may not be, but either way they have to be able to do perform to their best abilities. As a teacher, you are constantly surrounded by students, willing and nonwilling to learn. It can be frustrating and rewarding. There are large classes, heavy workloads and old buildings with no technology, it can be stressful. A public school teacher has no control over what they can teach. They are held accountable for poor state test grades. Isolationism can result from being around kids all the time. (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11) Working conditions cannot determine how a teacher teaches, they need to teach the way they would in ideal working conditions, surrounded by ideal students and ideal classes. When students are doing poorly in their classes, it is always perceived as the teachers fault. They are constantly being blamed and having to face criticism even when they are performing their job the exact way they should be. The average work week consists of forty hours, with some more due to extracurricular activities (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). Teachers decide to pick up more hours during the work week by chaperoning dances, leading clubs and volunteering at school funded events, in order to receive a higher pay check. The average salary ranges from $47,000 to $51,800 according to the numbers of May 2008 (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). The salary of a teacher is no where close to where it should be, with all of the different responsibilities they are held accountable for, so that is why they cho ose to participate in extracurricular activities. Vacation time for a teacher remains the same for each one. The only aspect of vacation time that differs is when the vacation takes place. Depending on how the school year is, a teacher works ten months with a two month vacation during the summer. If it is a year round school, teachers work eight weeks, on vacation for a week, and have a five week midwinter break (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). Teachers also have vacation time during the holiday breaks that students are off from school, such as Winter break and Spring break. Having a career in teaching comes with physical and emotional stress. Reese interviewed Sewell, a teacher at a college, and states: Sewell has to prepare, teach, grade, and counsel all by herself. She has seventeen classes she is responsible for teaching à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Sewell finds that preparing for a class requires an enormous amount of time. It takes a lot of preparation just to go in there and teach for an hour. Sewell notes. Her students arent the only ones who get stressed. Some days are so trying because there is so much to balance, Sewell adds. (2003) Teachers regularly have to teach, grade, prepare and counsel for their students, which adds a great deal of physical stress, with all the paperwork that comes along with it. The emotional stress can pertain to counseling because the students problems come out into the open and a teacher has to be there to listen, and depending on what the students are telling them, it can create internal conflicts for the teacher, adding on more emotional stress. Emotional stress can also come from the students not participating in class, or not paying attention and doing poorly on the exams, and may make the teacher feel as if they are not doing their job the correct way. There are various kinds of people that a teacher works with. Baccio is a teacher in a juvenile detention center and according to Redman Baccio works with inmates ranging from ten to eighteen years old who may have mental illnesses and may be unmotivated. She teaches them to read, even though they should know how to (2008). Teachers usually come across students who are unwilling to learn and tend to do nothing in their classrooms. Teachers have to be able to persuade these students to try and learn, but that does not always happen. There are of course students who are always willing to learn and teachers look forward to guiding and enlightening them. Teachers work with students, but also have coworkers. As a teacher you work with many other teachers as well as supervisors and have to be able to work with parents and the community (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). When teachers work together, they are usually brainstorming ideas about how to improve on lessons, which books to read, how to keep students engaged in conversations and all around try to be creative. Teachers are usually evaluated by a supervisor sitting in on a lesson every once in a while (Reese, 2003). The evaluations help a supervisor to see if a teacher is really doing his or her job. The different factors that are incorporated with the caree r of teaching may lead some to rethink this option. Having a career in teaching can lead to higher positions on a possible career path. People vary in their opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of teaching. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the advantages of being a teacher are that you have the ability to help someone achieve a goal, you can help to make the right choices about school and life, and you get to see the difference that you make in a childs life (2010-11). Redman quotes Boccio when she says People like to be successful, so as [the students] start to get some good grades back, and feel that Im really watching them carefully à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ most of them meet that challenge; most of them are actually quite successful (2008). Reese illustrates that Sewells students admire her for what she does and are always willing to help if she has a lot going on. This helps her students learn organizational skills that they will need as teachers (2003). The main advantage of being a teacher is that they are an inspira tion to other students and are watching others become successful. Of course there are disadvantages of being a teacher. Disadvantages of being a teacher are that is a stressful career, can involve unruly and violent behavior, students may be unmotivated and you are held accountable for their failures, there is little control, and can lead isolationism (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). One of the challenges of Boccios job is continually accommodating new additions to her classroom without making those students feel as if they have missed out or unable to participate right away. It is a stressful environment, and many of the students have mental health issues, both of these elements affect classroom behavior and how Boccio enforces rules. (Redman, 2008) This is truly a disadvantage for a teacher because no two students are the same. Teachers have to make their lesson plans understandable for every child they teach and make sure the lessons convey the same message across each student. It is difficult enough to try and have one student understand what is going on, but they have to be able to communicate it to twenty to thirty students. The future outlook of a career in teaching was determined by the U.S. Department of Labor, Job openings will result from the need to replace the large number of teachers who are expected to retire over the 2008-18 period. Jobs should be more available in inner cities and rural areas than suburban districts. The supply of teachers is expected to increase in response to reports of improved job prospects, better pay, more teacher involvement in school policy, and greater public interest in education. The projected employment for 2018 is about a thirteen percent increase in kindergarten, elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers. (2010-11) There is a good chance that by the time the 2011 high school graduating classes receives their bachelors degrees, there will be more opportunities for those looking to pursue a career in teaching. Teachers have the ability to further their careers by furthering their education. Dale Carlson is now the superintendent of the school district of Holmen, Wisconsin. In a magazine article, he talks about how he got to where he is now. Dale Carlson has just become the superintendent of the school district of Holmen, Wisconsin. He previously worked for thirteen years at Parker High School in Janesville, Wisconsin, serving for nine years as a principal and for four years as an assistant principal. Carlson started his career as a math teacher in Mausten, Wisconsin, and taught for nine years in Houston, Minnesota, and La Crosse, Wisconsin. (Carlson, 2009) In order to progress his career, he had to attain a higher level of schooling. To become an assistant principal, principal, administrator, or deal, usually requires a masters degree (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). Carlson had to obtain his masters degree before he could become an assistant principal and start his way up to superintendent. There are many advanced careers from teaching. A teacher can become an assistant principal, principal, administrator, chief academic officer, dean, chairperson and more. Teachers can even become superintendent of their districts (U.S. Department of Labor, 2010-11). The possible outlook for a career in teaching can result in higher positions and responsibilities. Pursuing a career in teaching is a very demanding but exhilarating career. Teaching demands a lot of time with grading and preparing, but at the same time is exhilarating because it helps students to advance in life. From the research, I feel that I am suited for a career in teaching. To be suited for a career in teaching, a person must be very patient and are always trying to get students or children to do their best. They have to want to help others understand new information and succeed at it. They have to be willing to lend a hand to a coworker or student in need. Teachers must be tolerant of others and have a high threshold of patience. I feel that I am suited for a career as a teacher because I harbor these necessary qualities. To attain my goal, I need to pursue advanced schooling and take classes dealing with different types of people. Although there are disadvantage and a great deal of stress that go along with pursuing a career in teaching, there are many advantages, such a s watching a student learn something new and helping students make difficult choices. Teachers are such an important aspect of any community, and will always be, which is why I would love to look as teaching as a possible career choice.

Nerds of the Football World Essay -- Sports Athletics Media Essays

Nerds of the Football World It’s a typical Fall Sunday afternoon and millions of people are huddled around their televisions at home, or at sports bars watching their local team’s battle on the gridiron for football supremacy. Meanwhile, a growing number of the most diehard football fanatics are sitting around their computers. Why aren’t they watching the game you may wonder? It’s simple. A new phenomenon called Fantasy Football is sweeping the nation. The goal of fantasy football is to compile a group of players taken from the National Football League (NFL) that will out perform your opponents. Each player you select earns points for doing certain things within the real NFL game each week. Players score points by rushing for a certain amount of yardage, catching a pass, scoring a touchdown, and a variety of other things which occur in the real game. The game is both simple and complex. A group of people form a league and set a date for a mock draft. Prior to the draft the league decides what their roster will entail. A typical Fantasy Football League (FFL) usually consists of one quarterback, two running backs, three wide receivers, a kicker, and a team defense. More established leagues will sometimes draft individual defensive players, but the standard league still sticks with a team defense. Now that the roster size and description has been established the league gets together on a preset date and time via the internet and the draft day carnage ensues. It’s not called a mock draft merely because you are simulating a real NFL draft. Oh no. â€Å"Mock† takes on a whole new meaning as league participant’s trade banter over who drafts what player. Trash talking is a complex art refined and perfected by the expe... ...hould I replace my star running back with someone else because he had a bad week? These are all vital questions that must be answered before next weeks match up. After 14 weeks of trash talking, stat crunching, article reading, and hours of football watching, if your lucky you’ll find yourself in the playoffs. The playoffs are no different then the regular season except you will be pitted against the best of the best within your league. Four teams will battle each other over two weeks. If you stand alone at the end of the full 16 week season it’s time to do your victory dance. You are the undisputed champion of your league, and while your uncouth baseball fan friends may not understand the tiny 12† trophy you’ve bought for yourself and placed upon your desk at work, fellow FFL fanatics will pass by and bow down in homage to your fantasy football superiority. Nerds of the Football World Essay -- Sports Athletics Media Essays Nerds of the Football World It’s a typical Fall Sunday afternoon and millions of people are huddled around their televisions at home, or at sports bars watching their local team’s battle on the gridiron for football supremacy. Meanwhile, a growing number of the most diehard football fanatics are sitting around their computers. Why aren’t they watching the game you may wonder? It’s simple. A new phenomenon called Fantasy Football is sweeping the nation. The goal of fantasy football is to compile a group of players taken from the National Football League (NFL) that will out perform your opponents. Each player you select earns points for doing certain things within the real NFL game each week. Players score points by rushing for a certain amount of yardage, catching a pass, scoring a touchdown, and a variety of other things which occur in the real game. The game is both simple and complex. A group of people form a league and set a date for a mock draft. Prior to the draft the league decides what their roster will entail. A typical Fantasy Football League (FFL) usually consists of one quarterback, two running backs, three wide receivers, a kicker, and a team defense. More established leagues will sometimes draft individual defensive players, but the standard league still sticks with a team defense. Now that the roster size and description has been established the league gets together on a preset date and time via the internet and the draft day carnage ensues. It’s not called a mock draft merely because you are simulating a real NFL draft. Oh no. â€Å"Mock† takes on a whole new meaning as league participant’s trade banter over who drafts what player. Trash talking is a complex art refined and perfected by the expe... ...hould I replace my star running back with someone else because he had a bad week? These are all vital questions that must be answered before next weeks match up. After 14 weeks of trash talking, stat crunching, article reading, and hours of football watching, if your lucky you’ll find yourself in the playoffs. The playoffs are no different then the regular season except you will be pitted against the best of the best within your league. Four teams will battle each other over two weeks. If you stand alone at the end of the full 16 week season it’s time to do your victory dance. You are the undisputed champion of your league, and while your uncouth baseball fan friends may not understand the tiny 12† trophy you’ve bought for yourself and placed upon your desk at work, fellow FFL fanatics will pass by and bow down in homage to your fantasy football superiority.

Judaism Essay example -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"When people around the world were worshiping thunder and wind, the Jews had but one word to say - God.† Judaism is one of the three major religions in our society today along with Islam and Christianity. Judaism believes there is only one God who created and presides over the world. Their God is all powerful, all knowing and is in all places at all times. He is also compassionate and just. The Jewish religion is passed on via the mother of a child. If the mother is Jewish, the child is 100% Jewish. According to Jewish law, one will remain a Jew even if they don’t practice Judaism or they do not believe in God.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Israelites accepted the Ten Commandments from God at Mount Sinai therefore they devoted themselves to following a code of law which regulates both how they worship and how they should treat other people. The Ten Commandments were given to Abraham and they serve as a moral code not only for the Jews but for all of society. The Ten Commandments are as follows: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am the Lord your God 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You shall not recognize the gods of others in My presence 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You shall not take the Name of the Lord your God in vain 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Remember the day of Shabbat to keep it holy 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Honor your father and your mother 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You shall not murder 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You shall not commit adultery 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You shall not steal 9.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do not give false testimony against your neighbor 10.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  You shall not covet your fellow's possessions (http://godstenlaws.com/commandments.htm) The Torah is the Jewish holy book. Jews believe that it is God's instructions to the Jews with guidelines on how they should act, think and even feel about life. It includes every aspect of life, from birth through death. The Torah contains 613 commandments, but the Ten Commandments are considered the most important commandments. There are two parts to the Torah; The written and the oral Torah. The Written Torah contains:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Five Books of Moses   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  &nb... ... and ending after dusk on the day of Yom Kippur. Jews refrain from eating and drinking anything on Yom Kippur. The Jews fast to atone for the sins they have committed through out the past year. Passover is the most widely observed Jewish holiday. On Passover, Jews all over the world conduct a Passover Seder. Seder means order or organization. The Passover Seder is a celebratory meal that is performed in an organized way so that all the commandments of Pesach will be performed. The Torah commands Jews on Passover to tell the story of the Exodus and to eat matzah. On Passover Jews must eat bitter herbs this is done to remind them of the Israelites' suffering. They must also eat extra matzah called afikoman to remind them of the sacrifice of Passover. They must recite Hallel psalms of praise, drink four cups of wine, and demonstrate acts of freedom such as sitting with a pillow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Believers of Judaism await the coming of the Messiah. The importance placed on a future occurrence is one of the strongest factors that is responsible for the continuance of any religion. It supports the need to follow the customs, ethics, morals of the particular belief system.

Scene One of A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named Desir

Scene One of A Streetcar Named Desire What is the dramatic significance of scene one of the play A Streetcar named Desire? Scene 1 of this play has great dramatic significance. In this essay, I will be looking at key points throughout the scene that reveal the key features of the plot, characters, theme and imagery plus how it is used to give the audience a taster for what is to come. Scene one is set in New Orleans, I feel this is used because in peoples mind beforehand it has a strong emotional presence and is often associated with many types of genres such as music. Sight and smell are often used in plays to help people get a sense of atmosphere and this is no exception. Cleverly as always to make something stand out in the media eye Williams takes this one step further by combining the strong senses of glorious unbelieving sights of New Orleans and the vast cultural display of music to create a strong, atmospheric potion. It offers a romantic vision of dingy life(referring to the not so perfect world they live in). The mix of characters demonstrates the way that New Orleans has changed to other southern American cities. It was originally a catholic settlement while most southern cities were protestant The music of the blue piano is cleverly used in the background to portray to feel of changing life throughout the city, while seemingly also reacting to the changing moods in the play through hate and anger of Blanche’s arguments with Stanley to love and forgiveness when Blanche arrives to stay with Stella. I feel it is also used to take the sting out of the feel of poverty. The polka music displays its original musical style, whilst being used for far more striking and startling incidents su... ...nough’ in many situations to get his point across. Stanley’s middle-scene entrance with meat underlines his primitive qualities as if he were taking it back to his cave fresh from the kill. It also displays a strong sexual bond between him and Stella which is also shown as noticeable by other characters. Stanley shouts â€Å"Catch!† as he throws the meat to the negro woman who yells â€Å"Catch What?†. The negro woman and Eunice see this as sexual and hysterical in his act of tossing the meat to a delighted Stella. This is a very cleverly thought out & structured first scene as this certainly prepares the audience for what is to come. Many class conflicts and clashes with high tempo drama from all sides of the story are certainly expected to remain throughout while a classic twist could and hopefully will be to carry on the great start could be on the cards.

Opportunity Recognition Essay

Mr Kurian was born in December, 13th 1961 and had graduated in Diploma in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in the year 1983. Mr Kurian has been in the engineering industry for almost 30 years, in which he has worked under different companies during the first 17 years. Mr Kurian had begun his career as entrepreneur in the year 2000, where he established his own engineering firm alongside with his 2 partners. Mr Kurian took full advantage of his experience working under different engineering firms for 17 years, and applied engineering and management skills that he had learnt to start his own business. Currently, Mr Kurian Zachariah is the Managing Director of Frezawa Engineering Sdn Bhd. This literature review concentrates on the topic of opportunity recognition for entrepreneurs. In order to start-up business, entrepreneurs have to identify the idea or core value of the business. Generally, entrepreneurs would go for opportunity or business which would promise greater success in the market. 2. 0 Literature Review Opportunity Recognition A stream of research shows that opportunity recognition is highly associated with entrepreneur’s alertness in the market, prior knowledge on a particular field, mental stimulation, social capital, and behavioral and cognitive skills. According to research done by Gregoire, Barr and Shepherd (2010, 29), cognitive skills are crucial for entrepreneurs to identify opportunities. Entrepreneurs used their prior knowledge and creativity skills in order to search for â€Å"open window† in the market. D’Souza, Rodney, and Schenkel (2011, 46) stated that greater prior knowledge breadth provide entrepreneurs with higher chances of identifying innovative opportunities. Research shows that 46% of the studied entrepreneurs agreed with crucial roles of knowledge in identifying the best opportunity. With knowledge, entrepreneurs know how and where to look for opportunities. Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 23)viewed alertness and social interaction as the major driving forces for entrepreneurs. St-Jean and Tremblay (2011, 42) stated in his research that entrepreneurs are alert to the environmental factors such as economy, political and social to create opportunities. Moreover, it is observed from the literature review that entrepreneurs applied different types of strategies and techniques throughout the opportunity recognition process. Studies done by Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 32) shows that entrepreneurs involved the technique of active searching and experiential learning throughout the recognition process. In other hand, Gregoire, Barr and Shepherd (2010, 63)concluded in his research that entrepreneur opportunities occurred based on timing and luck; thus waited for opportunities to occur instead of taking crucial steps searching for opportunities. Chitakornkijsil (2011, 53) noted that different individuals discovered different opportunities, according to their particular way of gathering and processing information. Based on the study done by Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 98), entrepreneurs have different sources of opportunities. First, Butler, Doktor and Lins viewed that entrepreneurs focused on innovation as a source of opportunity. Entrepreneurs focused on innovation of technology to create a â€Å"door† to the market. D’Souza, Rodney, and Schenkel (2011, 94)also stated that entrepreneurs used innovation to create new products and market for customers. For example, the introduction of smart phones and tablets to the market. Furthermore, entrepreneurs also considered society’s knowledge and awareness as one of the sources. The development of new knowledge would enhance awareness in the society. Therefore, entrepreneur used society’s awareness and created solution to the problems. Research conducted on sample group of Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics concluded that 53% of entrepreneur respondents would take great advantage from introduction of new knowledge to the market. Butler, Doktor and Lins (2012, 54) stated entrepreneurs likely taken opportunity regarding health and environmental awareness such as pollution and disease. In addition, entrepreneurs also depend on market trends and structure as a source of opportunity. Entrepreneurs studied growing trends in the market and implied related strategy to enter the market. Entrepreneurs focused on trends and demands to ensure profits and success. However, showed different view compared to other research reports. St-Jean and Tremblay (2011, 67) was less focused on these sources but emphasized on facts that entrepreneurs depends on external environmental factors such as politic, economy, and social environment as the major source of opportunity. D’Souza, Rodney, and Schenkel (2011, 85) implied that entrepreneurs take advantage of the current environmental crisis such as economy downfall, riot, and social crisis to create business opportunities. A stream of research showed that entrepreneurs search for business opportunities by implementing strategic methods which depends on active searching, social networking, past experience learning, and deep knowledge. Research by Pech and Cameron (2006, 142)showed that entrepreneurs used active searching for information in order to locate â€Å"new window† in the market. Plus, Nixdorff (2008, 44) stated that the potential of success for entrepreneurs depends on the social network ties of the individual. According to Chitakornkijsil (2011, 75), the bigger the size of entrepreneur’s social network in the market, the higher entrepreneur’s chances of gaining potential information. Social interaction also helped entrepreneurs in providing network chain of opportunities. Furthermore, most of the research project studied mutually agreed with the statement of entrepreneurs mostly depend on past experience in order to create new opportunity. Entrepreneurs used past experience learning method to create innovation to the previous idea such as features or design modification. Entrepreneurs with past experience have higher knowledge on what the future successful product should be. Survey conducted by Pech and Cameron (2006, 118)on sample group of successful entrepreneurs shows that almost 55% of the entrepreneurs managed to locate high potential opportunities through past experience learning. In other hand Ozgen (2011, 58) and Kolb (2010, 86) have the opposite views. Ozgen and Kolb denied social network and experience to be the best way for entrepreneurs in identifying opportunity. However, both of the research agreed that entrepreneurs move together with the demands of market and availability of technology in market. This means that entrepreneurs followed the trends and high demands in market, but produced only at limited innovation. Based on the literature review done on several research projects, different conflicting ideas were studied on the characteristics of a potential opportunity. Through comparison, most research projects agreed with characteristics of a high potential opportunity to be rare, exclusive, hard to copy and not readily substituted opportunity. In other words, the opportunity would require an introduction of new market. However, Ozgen (2011, 47) denied the idea of rare and exclusive opportunities to be majorly focused by entrepreneurs, as according to Ozgen, this type of opportunity would be cost expensive, compared to normal market opportunity. The research done in developing countries shows that 62% of the studied entrepreneurs went for low cost opportunity as they defined exclusive products to be less promising to succeed in the country. Nixdorff 2008, 62) Therefore, Nixdorff stated entrepreneurs considered low cost opportunity to be high potential opportunity in the market as it is more attractive and promise fewer loss. However, some entrepreneurs avoided low cost venture opportunity as it is a long-term profit venture. In other hand, entrepreneurs went for new markets as there would be fewer competitors in the market and are more attractive to society. Empirical research done by Gregoire, Barr and Shepherd (2010, 134) shows on average only 2 out of 5 entrepreneurs would gain greatest share in ighly competitive market. Therefore, it would be legit to decide opportunity with fewer competitors would offer greater potential of success for entrepreneurs. According to research projects studied, most of researchers mutually stated that the major challenges faced by entrepreneurs in identifying opportunity occurred from self and external environment. From the self view, entrepreneurs faced challenges in identifying potential opportunity due to anti-social lifestyle, uncertainty avoidance attitude, lack of creativity and imagination, poor knowledge, and refusal behavior. These factors studied to results in entrepreneurs having less network ties in the market, low confidence in taking risks, lack of alternative and innovative idea, and loss of opportunity. Based on study conducted by Kolb (2010, 131) on entrepreneurs of Institute of Wyoming, 44% out of 100 respondents agreed that the major challenge which could constraint them from identifying potential opportunities is entrepreneur’s own attitude and behavior. Furthermore, entrepreneurs also faced obstacles in opportunity recognition due to environmental factors such as lack of technology innovation and legal constraint idea. Research studied by Chitakornkijsil (2011, 113), proved that the rate of opportunity development in developed countries to be approximately 32% greater than developing countries. This shows that entrepreneurs in developing countries such as Malaysia, China, and etc, are facing obstacles due to level of technology enhancement and legal constraints idea, where entrepreneur’s idea have to be filtered by the ethical perspective of the society. This can be seen from development of smart phones in developed countries, but only few developers in developing countries. . 0 Conclusion As conclusion, entrepreneurs can be defined as innovators who, despite constraints, actively focus on searching and identifying potential opportunities in the market for the sake of the business establishment, survival and growth. Based on the literature review conducted, it is studied that entrepreneurs implemented cognitive and creativity skills in identifying the highest potential opportunities in the m arket. It is important for entrepreneurs to be alert and aware of market opportunity. With the presence of the required skills, entrepreneurs would still be required to implement strategic techniques and strategies such as active searching and social interaction to identify promising â€Å"window† in the market. Furthermore, it is studied that the strength or competitive advantage of entrepreneurs in the market depends on the entrepreneur’s network ties and prior knowledge on the field. The best way for entrepreneurs to increase the possibility of identifying potential opportunities is to increase size of network, which would increase sources of information.

Budgetary control Essay

Nowadays management’s philosophy revolves around the idea of planning. According to McKinsey (1922), chief executives have come to the realization that today’s task can only be properly fulfilled thanks to the meticulous planning of yesterday. The budgetary control framework has been openly accepted and widespread as a tool for management and overall organisation control. Nonetheless, recent evolutions in the managerial sciences have come to jeopardise the reliability of budgeting as an effective method for the control of performance and organisation. The concern of whether budgeting is in fact an apt tool has created mixed views and debate amongst scholars. This essay will aim to evaluate whether budgetary control is concerned primarily with the control of performance, or if it has of late taken on greater importance especially as a more integrative control mechanism for the organisation. In order to do so it will firstly define the meaning of two fundamental concepts such as budget and budgetary control. Secondly it will evaluate the use of budgetary control as a tool for today’s organization. Thirdly it will follow debates and criticisms on its the effectiveness and use and Lastly it will conclude by assessing to what extent budgetary control has become a more integrative control mechanism for organisations. The work of key specialists in management such as Bhimani, Otley, Van der Stede and McWatters, will be drawn on in order to cover the key issues of the discussion. Before commencing on a discussion of budgetary control, it is immanent to clarify and define the two key terms that will be used in this essay: ‘budget’ and ‘budgetary control’. On the one hand, as defined by Bhimani et al. (2008) â€Å"a budget is a quantitative expression of a proposed plan of action by management for future time period and it is an aid to coordination and implementation of the plan†. On the same line McWatters et al. (2008) highlights the importance of budgets as a planning control system for a company, which ‘translate’ organisational objectives into financial terms. Drury (2009) exemplifies the many different purposes that budgets serve, such as: coordinating activities, conveying various arrangements to different responsibility centres, arranging and controlling operations, motivating employees to attain organisational objectives and assessing the execution of managers. According to Johnson (1996), it was in the 1960s that associations started to highly regard the utilization of budgets as tools for performance measurement and the control of managerial objectives. On the other hand, budgetary control is described by Periasamy (2010) as â€Å"a system of controlling costs which includes the preparation of budgets, coordinating the department and establishing responsibilities, comparing actual performance with the budgeted and acting upon results to achieve maximum profitability†. A similar, yet more formal, definition of budgetary control is given by the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants of England and Wales (CIMA): â€Å"the establishment of budgets relating to the responsibilities of executives to the requirement of a policy and the continuous comparison of actual with the budgeted results, either to secure by individual actions the objectives of policy or to provide a basis for its revision†. There are two main purposes of budgets which scholars have identified: planning and controlling. The first purpose, which McWatters et al. (2008) discusses, is that budgets have a fundamental role in undertaking planning decisions. In fact, the integration of budgets into a strategic planning of long term and short-term objectives is crucial to the harmony of the project itself. This claim can be explained by Bhimani et al. (2008) who proposes that, budgets provide a more realistic view on the possible outcomes of investments, which consequently leads managers to adjust their strategic goals accordingly. To put it another way, when a company wants to match its potentials suitably with the prospects of the marketplace, it undertakes a strategic analysis to then set several long-run and short-run goals. On this basis a budget is formulated. However, as stated before, once the budget that has been formulated projects a more realistic view on the strategic objectives, these strategic objectives are then readjusted once again. The second purpose that Emmanuel et al. (1990) discusses is to do with budgets as a form of control and a tool for monitoring a company’s performance. McWatters et al. (2008) describe this function by outlining the idea that budgets are frequently used to assign responsibilities by allocating resources to different managers. A budget may be given with more or less flexibility, for example by assigning a large sum of money for ‘advertising’ to be used at the managers discretion, or by highlighting the different ways that this money should be used. The optional flexibility of budgets allows for a company to give the adequate level of responsibility to its employees and thus the organisation is able to maintain a level of control. McWatters et al. (2008) further elaborates on the function of budgeting for control by suggesting that â€Å"the numbers in a budget are also used as goals to motivate organisational members†. This motivational aspect of budgeting can be explained by Bhimani et al (2008) who states that â€Å"the manner in which a budget is administered can adversely impact on the managers’ behaviour†. A manager must believe that the budget is achievable in order to actively attempt to pursue it, Bhimani et al (2008) adds that through the constraints and goals set by budgeting targets, managers are often motivated to â€Å"effect changes in a forceful way†. The way that a budget is formulated, and the demands and pressures that it targets are key in encouraging the right degree of motivation, â€Å"an enterprise can set a difficult to attain budget in an attempt to motivate good performance. This is because, in practice, budgets that are set up to a certain degree of tightness often become stronger motivators† (Bhimani et al. , 2008). A final point to consider with the role of budgetary control is the function that it plays in enhancing communication within a company. Internal coordination between the steps of production , as well as communication among departments are key aspects for a company’s performance. Dury (2009) states that â€Å"the budget serves as a vehicle through which the actions of the different parts of an organisation can be brought together and reconciled into one common plan†. Hence, hierarchical and inter-departmental communication within the organisation is extremely facilitated thanks to the use of budgets. For instance, considering a multinational corporation that, due to its size, has difficulties in communicating between the production department and the sales department, budgets could in this circumstance be the most operational manner of communicating, as they set common goals between different departments. As it is clear form the paragraphs above, the controlling side of budgets play a stronger role than the planning aspect. An example that instead criticise this view can be found in the strategic planning of investments. Maximising performance of a company can be synonymous for maximising the shareholders value. Akintoye (2008) argues that equality in investment decisions are fairly dependent on the solidity of the budgetary control system, which in turn is key to maximise the company’s shareholders value. Therefore, it is arguable that a weak budgetary control system may be the cause of unprofitable investments and consequently may trigger the loss of shareholders value (Akintoye, 2008). There are many examples that reflect this issue, such as one reported by the European Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science where the Coca-Cola Company, with the purpose of differentiating production, failed miserably in their investment on food and wine in that the investment rate of return resulted to be beneath their cost of capital. The tremendous loss of money caused by this investment and other failures of this type grab the attention of scholars, raising questions on the salience of the budgetary control system, as well as whether budgets are mainly used to control or plan organisations. Other criticisms towards budgetary control as a main form of performance control, argue instead that the use of budgetary control in performance management has of late taken on greater importance especially as a more integrative control mechanism for the organisation. This stands on the basis of different points of view of the role that motivation and communication play within a company. Bhimani et al. (2008) argues that current speculation concerning budgetary control systems prescribes two inverse perspectives. From one perspective, there is the view that upholds incremental change to budgetary process in terms of interfacing such forms more closely to operational prerequisites, arranging frameworks, expanding the recurrence of plan amendment and the arrangement of rolling budgets. A second perspective supports the abandoning of the budgetary control system as a method of organisational control, and supplanting it with elective systems to empower firms on their adaptability and adjustability. The second perspective arose because of the consequences caused by the conflictual role of budgets between planning and controlling. To summarize; in planning and settling choices, budgets convey specialised information between different departments and hierarchy of the organisation, whereas for control, budgets serve as benchmarks for performance measurement (Otley, 1978). According to McWatters et al. (2008) if too many boundaries are placed into performance targets, then specialised executives will settle down and stop disclosing accurate predictions of prospected occurrences, and instead rely more on budgeted figures, which ease the achievement of the targets. A clear example of this conflict is given by the marketing sector. Salespeople according to McWatters et al. (2008) are usually very specialised and can very well forecast future sales. Their predictions are very important to settle the amount of goods to be produced. Inasmuch budgetary control of sales takes place at the end of the year, and it is used as a tool to evaluate performance. Salespeople are reasonably incentivised to under-forecast future sales in order to assure a positive evaluation of their performance. Nevertheless this behaviour induces the company to have higher production costs, creating counterproductive results. However, this behavioural theory is contrasted by Van der Stede (2000) in his study on the relationship between two consequences of budgetary control: slack creation and managerial short-term orientation. In his experiment he attempts to find the relationship between rigid budgetary control and slack creation, where he defines slack as the action by business unit managers that leads them to â€Å"†¦ exploit their position of superior knowledge about business possibilities vis-a-vis corporate management to get performance targets that are deliberately lower than their best guess forecast about the future† (lukka, 1988). Van der Stede’s (2008) statistical correlation showed in fact that rigid budget control reduced slack. To strengthen his view, Bhimani et al. (2008) states that â€Å"budgeted performance measures can overcome two keys limitations of using past performance as basis for judging actual result†, meaning that, not only budgetary control is a good â€Å"judge† of performance, but it also develops better aspects in comparison to other evaluation techniques. In conclusion, this essay has highlighted the role of budgetary control and it’s functions in terms of planning the organisational control of a company, as well as its role in performance management. Motivation and communication are both key aspects in the management of performance, and both of these functions are met through the system of budgetary control, either by setting achievable incentives, or by providing the necessary requirements to improve communications within a company. Having underlined the role of budgetary control as an enhancer of performance management, it is clear to see how it has become a key mechanism for the integrative control of an organisation. Nonetheless, this essay has outlined some of the key disputes of the reliability and effectiveness of budgetary control as an adequate method of performance management. An example of this is highlighted by the fact that when managers are given strict budgeting figures, they sometimes deem the goals to be too easily achieved, and hence give a lesser input of motivation. Despite the many critics of budgetary control as a tool for the organisation of a company, scholars such as Van der Stede (2000) and Bhimani et al. (2008) have confidently stated that when a budget is set correctly, it can significantly improve an organisations performance, including the integrative function within a company; and is in fact a more effective tool than other existing methods of control.

Persuasive Speech about Prayer in Public Schools Essay

Ladies and Gentlemen all protocol observed, I would like to tell you the facts behind the reason why I am against prayers in public schools. Prayer in public schools should no be allowed since it is inconsiderate of the different religions that are represented in the school. Public schools host people from all religions since they are cheaper hence affordable. When the prayers are done they are biased against the religion with minor representation in the school hence it is better if prayer was abolished in school. When prayers for one religion are done, the other religions feel oppressed discriminated against and they have a feeling of inferiority. It feels like the school administration is trying to force the students to join their religion. The school administration should advocate the elimination of prayer to avoid cases where the students feel discriminated. The students will feel like they are forced to worship (Sommer 1984). Instead of conducting prayers in public school each student should be allowed to pray on their own. This way the school will be respecting all religions since all students will have freedom of worship and they will feel appreciated. Even though some of the schools acknowledge all religions, they tend to allocate less time to the prayers of the religions with minor representation. At times the public schools do not even recognize the religious holidays of the religions that have minor representation. Some of the prayers that are done too do not show the serious that religion requires and some people prefer not praying instead of praying in a way that will leave other offended. There are some people who believe that they should only conduct personal prayers the people prefer praying for themselves (Lindorfer 2004). When prayers are conducted in school by a person who is not in the same religion with another, since there is the feeling of indifference between the two parties, divisions could arise in extreme cases that could disrupt the education process in the school as a result of strikes. Ladies and gentlemen, with these issues at hand, I suggest that prayers should be eliminated from public schools and all students should pray on their own. This way the unity among students will be enhanced since religious differences will be avoided and all students will coexist in peace (religionandpoliticsgeek 2008). In those schools that all students share one religion, there are different denominations and all people fight to have their denomination as the superior. An example is where a catholic would like to conduct a prayer in their way and a Presbyterian too will want prayers conducted the way they do it in their place of worship. As a result when the prayers are conducted in one way, they other student will feel that their denomination is not appreciated. With the emergence of very many churches, it is advisable to eliminate prayer in public schools to avoid cases where the students rise against each other based on prayer (Rollins 1998). With those facts, I would request all of you to join me in advocating for abolition of prayer in public schools.

Between Realism and Idealism

A great deal of conflict in the social life of individual people has been brought about by the existence of these concepts raising some questions of importance. Should an individual aim so high to an extent that is impossible to reach or aim average that is achievable?Should the individual assume on optimistic stand or a pessimistic one? Should the individual be good to others or fair to them? The existence of the various branches with regard to these categories proves that idealism or realism is never right with respect to all the branches.The issue of idealism and realism as a debate addresses the issues of whether an individual’s life as well as actions should be good as has been offered by the dogma of the Christians way of life. The issue of whether the individual should possess a caring sense as well as be fair with regard to the daily life is a determinant of whether the individual is living in a realistic or in an idealistic way of life.As for example, the issue of whe ther an individual an individual should drink or not depends on the stand the individual has taken with regard to the two extremes. It is evident that a person can drink and do no evil to the others while another person who does not drink at all may cause harm of significantly high magnitude to the life of others.It is a clear fact that each individual person is potentially capable for being good internally. In a realistic sense however some people are so static with regard to matters of change. As pertains the issue of whether the individual should drink or not, the goodness or the fairness of this will highly depend on the stand that the individual has taken.It is a possibility that one individual drinks and commits no harm to others while another person refraining from the activity may be of great trouble to other people. Furthermore the Christian Bible does not condemn drinking as an activity, but drunkardness as the effect of the activity (Tomuschat 83).As a clear guide as to t he best stand to take in life, a conservative approach to life is the most noble approach whereby the actions of the individual are determined by the need to be fair, obey the rule of justice as well as equality in a real life situation. It is good to make all the people get what is right for them, treating everybody in the same way and judging everybody the actions responsible for the person.The decision by the individual to arrange for a Sunday trip will also depend on the stand that the individual has taken since the trip may exhibit different motives. A trip that is meant for good as well as for the service of others is justified even at the context of the bible (Tomuschat 113).The contrasting belief is for people to live in a life of goodness, mercy as well as equality bearing in mind that every person bears intelligence which is a guide towards the actions taken, all of which are backed by some reason.The capacity for understanding is a clear lead to goodness. A fair treatment to all the people is important sign if the individual underwent a bad life in the childhood or is subjected to unconducive circumstances that fall beyond the control of the individual is a result of poverty wages, there occur a requirement for compensation so that everyone enjoys life in an equal capacity. The negligence of other people is responsible for the actions of others in the light of the considerations of the fallibility of people. Human beings are prone to making mistakes and this is so natural.A good person may be apprehended and aligned in the court of law for having committed a mistake. In the light of this argument, the possession of a Christian wife or otherwise similarly depends on the stand of the individual wife in as far as the two extremes of realism and idealism are concerned. The Christian wife is supposed to be a model for idealism, a stand which if defeated by realism, which bears potent influence to the behavior as well as the action of human, is equivalent with having a wife who is not a Christian (Tomuschat 213).ConclusionIn the consideration of the argument between justice and goodness, non is comparable to what God is in a position to handle which is usually in a perfect way and being neither rebel nor conservative and offering a question less situation as regards the correct balance in existence between the boundaries of justice on one side and grace on the other.In the case of the human being, who posses the characteristics of inferiority with respect to several aspects they can only grasp these concepts independently and one at every opportune time thus facilitating into parties of different orientations. It therefore important for an individual to lead a life of self awareness, that is instrumental towards the discovery of the stand of the individual with respect to idealism or realism.Work citedChristian, Tomuschat, Between Idealism & Realism. 2nd ed. USA: Oxford UniversityPress, 2004.